Wikidata is a sister project to Wikipedia that encodes much of the information on Wikipedia into discrete data values that can be queried.
I needed to document some ICD10 diagnoses and wanted to add links to Wikipedia as part of that. I did not know the actual names of the articles on Wikipedia, though. Manually, I could have found them using a search, but that would be a lot of work for >1700 diagnoses.
Turns out that Resolver will do this. The following link will resolve the ICD10 code (P4229) with value K37 (corresponding to appendicitis) to send me to the Wikipedia article for appendicitis:
https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-todo/resolver.php?prop=P4229&value=K37&project=enwiki
You could use similar code to link to a city by postal code or an animal by its taxonomic name, or using any of the thousands of properties available on wikidata.
See here for an example on how to use this with semantic mediawiki.